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1.
Experimental & Molecular Medicine ; : 135-144, 2004.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-37855

ABSTRACT

Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in activating the immune response against invading pathogens as well as dying cells or tumors. Although the immune response can be initiated by the phagocytic activity by DCs, the molecular mechanism involved in this process has not been fully investigated. Trp-Lys-Tyr-Met-Val-Met-NH2 (WKYMVM) stimulates the activation of phospholipase D (PLD) via Ca2+ increase and protein kinase C activation in mouse DC cell line, DC2.4. WKYMVM stimulates the phagocytic activity, which is inhibited in the presence of N-butanol but not t-butanol in DC2.4 cells. Furthermore, the addition of phosphatidic acid, an enzymatic product of PLD activity, enhanced the phagocytic activity in DC2.4 cells. Since at least two of formyl peptide receptor (FPR) family (FPR1 and FPR2) are expressed in DC2.4 as well as in mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, this study suggests that the activation of FPR family by WKYMVM stimulates the PLD activity resulting in phagocytic activity in DC2.4 cells.


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , 1-Butanol/pharmacology , Bone Marrow Cells/cytology , Calcium Signaling/drug effects , Cell Death/immunology , Cell Line , Communicable Diseases/immunology , Dendritic Cells/immunology , Neoplasms/immunology , Oligopeptides/pharmacology , Phagocytosis/drug effects , Phosphatidic Acids/pharmacology , Phospholipase D/metabolism , Receptors, Formyl Peptide/metabolism , tert-Butyl Alcohol/pharmacology
2.
Bauru; s.n; 2003. 68 p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-557722

ABSTRACT

O fator de crescimento vascular endotelial (VEGF) é um potente indutor de angiogênese, permeabilidade vascular e edema. O aumento da expressão de VEGF na polpa dentária pode resultar em pressão intra-pulpar aumentada e contribuir para dor e dano pulpar irreversível. O ácido lipoteicóico (LTA) é uma molécula anfifílica de bactérias gram-positivas que tem sido associada a patogênese da pulpite. Objetivo: Pesquisar se LTA regula a expressão de VEGF em células pulpares ou macrófagos; e avalliar se LT A causa morte celular em células pulpares ou macrófagos. Métodos: Células tipo odontoblasto (MOPC-23), células pulpares indiferenciadas (00-21), fibroblastos gengivais ou macrófagos foram estimulados com 0-80 µg/ml S. sanguis or S. mutans LTA, e a expressão de VEGF foi avaliada por ELlSA e RT-PCR. Foi também realizado o teste de exclusão "Trypan blue", o Teste de Citometria de Fluxo, e a análise do Ciclo Celular, e avaliado se as células morreram por consequência de necrose ou apoptose. As análises estatísticas realizadas foram ANOVA e o "Student t-test" com p' < ou = '0.05. Resultados: LTA induziu um aumento de 9 vezes na expressão proteica de VEGF em macrófagos, um aumento de 2.4 em MOPC-23, de 1.6 em 00-21 quando comparado aos controles. Em contraste, o LTA não induziu a expressão de VEGF em fibroblastos gengivais. A expressão VEGF mRNA permaneceu constante após exposição ao LTA, o que sugere que a regulação de VEGF nessas células é primariamente pós-transcricional. O LTA não causou morte celular significante nas concentrações utilizadas neste trabalho. MDPC-23 foi a única população celular que mostrou um aumento na proporção de células apoptóticas após exposição ao L T A, comparadas com o controle. Conclusão: LTA de streptococci induz elevação de VEGF em macrófagos e células pulpares, e aumento de apoptose em células tipo odontoblasto. Este trabalho constitui a primeira demonstração de que o LTA é suficiente para induzir a expressão de um fator pró-angiogênico.


Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent inducer of angiogenesis, vascular permeability, and edema. Upregulation of VEGF expression in the dental pulp may result in increased intra-pulpal pressure, and contribute to pain and irreversible tissue damage. Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is an amphiphilic molecule from Gram-positive bacteria that has been associated with the pathogenesis of pulpitis. Objective: To investigate if LTA regulates expression of VEGF in pulp cells or macrophages; and to evaluate if lTA causes cell death in pulp cells or macrophages. Methods: We stimulated mouse odontoblast-like cells (MDPC-23), undifferentiated pulp cells (OD-21), gingival fibroblasts or macrophages with 0-80 µg/ml S. sanguis or S. mutans LTA, and evaluated VEGF expression by ELlSA and RT -PCR. We also performed Trypan Blue Exclusion Assay, Flow Cytometry Assay, Cell Cycle analyses and evaluated if the cells have died as a consequence of necrosis or apoptosis. Statistical analyses were performed by one-way ANOVA and student t-tests at p' < OR ='0.05. Results: LTA induced up to 9-fold increase in VEGF protein expression in macrophages, 2.4-fold increase in MDPC-23, and 1.6-fold increase in OD-21 as compared to controls. In contrast, L T A did not induce VEGF expression in gingival fibroblasts. VEGF mRNA expression remained constant upon exposure to LTA, which suggests that VEGF regulation in these cells is primarily post-transcriptional. LTA did not cause significant cell death, at the concentrations used here. MDPC-23 was the only cell population that showed an increase in the proportion of apoptotic cells upon exposure to L TA, as compared to controls. Conclusion: Streptococcal LTA induces VEGF upregulation in macrophages and pulp cells, and increase in apoptosis of odontoblast-like cells. This work constitutes the first demonstration that LTA is sufficient to induce expression of a pro-angiogenic factor.


Subject(s)
Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology , Macrophages/physiology , Phosphatidic Acids/pharmacology , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Fibroblasts/drug effects , Macrophages/drug effects , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
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